Rural biogas has great potential for clean development

In the adjustment and upgrading of energy consumption structure in rural areas, the development potential of biogas as a clean energy is huge.
The National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Agriculture jointly issued the "13th Five-Year Plan for the Development of National Rural Biogas" (hereinafter referred to as the "Plan"), proposing that by 2015, the annual production capacity of biogas in the country will reach 15.8 billion cubic meters, which is about the same as the national natural gas. By 2020, my country's rural biogas will replace 3.49 million tons of standard coal for fossil energy, reducing carbon dioxide emissions by 17.62 million tons, and the benefit of biogas consumption in rural areas will reach 2.3 people billion or more.
The total investment of biogas projects in the 13th Five-Year Plan will reach 50 billion yuan
The state has always attached great importance to the development of rural biogas undertakings. Since 2004, the No. 1 Central Document has put forward clear requirements for the development of rural biogas every year. During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Agriculture have arranged a total of 14.2 billion yuan of investment in the central budget for rural biogas construction, and continuously optimized the investment structure.
According to statistics, by the end of 2015, 41.93 million households used biogas nationwide, benefiting 200 million people; there were more than 110,000 biogas projects of various types, and biogas projects began to be piloted. Positive results have been achieved in the natural gas pipeline network; the number of rural service outlets has reached 110,000, covering more than 74% of biogas users. The great development of rural biogas has brought significant economic, social and ecological benefits. The annual production of biogas fertilizer is 71 million tons, and the application of chemical fertilizers can be reduced by 3.1 million tons in terms of nitrogen, which can increase farmers' income and save nearly 50 billion yuan; Nearly 2 billion tons of livestock and poultry manure, straw and organic domestic waste have been treated, and more than 63 million tons of carbon dioxide emissions have been reduced. It can be seen that rural biogas has played an active role in enhancing the national energy security capability, promoting the transformation of agricultural development mode, and promoting the development of rural ecological civilization.
According to the new situation faced by rural biogas development, in 2015, the central government's investment direction was adjusted, focusing on supporting the construction of large-scale large-scale biogas projects and pilot projects of biological natural gas projects, and rural biogas has taken a new step in transformation and upgrading. Since the transformation and upgrading of rural biogas in 2015, the central government has allocated 2 billion yuan within the budget to support the construction of 25 large-scale biogas engineering pilot projects and 386 large-scale large-scale biogas engineering projects.
Only with large-scale production can biogas be used in large-scale applications, generate economies of scale and play an important role in China's alternative energy sources. Large-scale large-scale biogas projects and large-scale biological natural gas projects can greatly improve the centralized treatment level of agricultural waste and the centralized supply of clean gas. At the same time, the biogas produced by large-scale biogas projects, especially biological natural gas projects, is used for power generation and grid connection or purified and incorporated into the natural gas pipeline network, vehicle gas, and industrial and commercial enterprise gas, which can achieve high-value and high-efficiency utilization. According to the "Planning", during the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, the total investment in rural biogas projects will reach 50 billion yuan, including 18.12 billion yuan for large-scale biogas projects and 13.361 billion yuan for large-scale large-scale biogas projects.
The development of biogas can optimize the energy supply structure
my country's energy production and supply structure is unreasonable and the overall gap is large. In 2015, the total national energy consumption was 4.3 billion tons of standard coal, of which coal consumption accounted for 64%, which was too high; the net import volume of natural gas was 62.1 billion cubic meters, and the external dependence was 32.1%. According to the "Planning", the national biogas production capacity in 2015 reached 15.8 billion cubic meters, which is about 5% of the national natural gas consumption. Relatively speaking, the proportion of biogas in natural gas consumption is still quite considerable.
According to estimates, the construction of a biological natural gas project with a daily output of 10,000 cubic meters can produce 3.65 million cubic meters of natural gas in one year, which can replace 4,343 tons of standard coal. Statistics show that the total amount of agricultural waste resources that can be used for biogas production in China is about 1.404 billion tons each year, and 73.6 billion cubic meters of biogas can be produced, which can replace about 87.6 million tons of standard coal.
It can be seen that the development of rural biogas can reduce the proportion of coal consumption, fill the natural gas gap, and further optimize the energy supply structure. Most importantly, the utilization of biogas does not increase carbon dioxide emissions in the atmosphere, and has a significant greenhouse gas emission reduction effect. According to the data given in the "Planning", the construction of a large-scale biogas project with a capacity of 5,000 cubic meters can consume 30,000 tons of manure or 6,000 tons of dry straw every year, and can reduce COD emissions by 1,500 tons or particulate matter emissions by 90 tons. It can not only effectively deal with agricultural and rural waste, but also improve the "dirty, chaotic and poor" problems of the rural environment and retain the green mountains and clear waters.
Biogas power generation has broad prospects
my country's biogas power generation industry started in the 1980s and has a history of 30 years. However, compared with other renewable resources in my country, the energy utilization of biogas, especially the integration of biogas power generation into the grid, is still faltering.
Relevant experts said in an interview with reporters that there are only a handful of large-scale biogas power plants successfully connected to the grid in my country. Due to the large investment in capital construction, small production capacity, and difficulty in grid connection, biogas power generation does not yield high returns from an economic point of view, which is one of the reasons why biogas power generation is difficult to develop on a large scale.
From the policy point of view, the benefits of distributed biogas power generation and distributed photovoltaic power generation policies are very different. According to experts, the "Trial Measures for the Management of Renewable Energy Power Generation Prices and Expense Sharing" issued in 2006 stipulates that the grid subsidy electricity price standard for biomass power generation projects is 0.25 yuan per kilowatt-hour, which is far lower than the subsidy standard for distributed photovoltaic power generation. At the same time, the self-generated electricity of distributed photovoltaic power generation is exempted from the additional electricity price of renewable resources, the national major water conservancy project construction fund, the post-migration support fund for large and medium-sized reservoirs, and the rural grid loan repayment fund. Government funds, including distributed biogas power generation Other distributed power sources do not enjoy this policy.
From the market point of view, although biogas can be commercialized and industrialized through high-value and efficient utilization, there are still many discriminations and obstacles in terms of biogas power generation and integration of biogas into urban natural gas pipeline networks. After the biogas power generation is connected to the grid, the electricity price of agricultural and forestry biomass cannot be enjoyed. These problems result in the weak market competitiveness of biogas and biogas, which restricts the development of rural biogas.
Throughout the international community, biogas is being valued by various countries as an emerging energy source. As a big agricultural country, my country has huge potential for agricultural waste resources that can be used for biogas. With the implementation and support of relevant national policies, new energy power generation has developed rapidly, but biomass power generation represented by biogas power generation accounts for a small proportion of the overall power structure. It is foreseeable that biogas power generation has a very broad development prospect.